{"id":1751,"date":"2022-08-12T12:41:53","date_gmt":"2022-08-12T09:41:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/intkarta.slanlib.ru\/?page_id=1751"},"modified":"2022-08-17T12:49:04","modified_gmt":"2022-08-17T09:49:04","slug":"%d1%86%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%b2%d1%8c-%d0%b2-%d1%88%d0%b0%d0%b2%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%be","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/intkarta.slanlib.ru\/?page_id=1751","title":{"rendered":"\u0426\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044c \u0432 \u0428\u0430\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/intkarta.slanlib.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/1-9-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2120 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/intkarta.slanlib.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/1-9-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/intkarta.slanlib.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/1-9-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/intkarta.slanlib.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/1-9-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/intkarta.slanlib.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/1-9-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/intkarta.slanlib.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/1-9-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0426\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044c \u0421\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0430 \u041f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0413\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438: <\/strong>1899<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b: <\/strong>\u0421. \u0418. \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0435\u0432, \u041d. \u0410. \u041c\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441: <\/strong>\u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0410\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441: <\/strong>\u0421\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0440-\u043d, \u0434. \u0428\u0430\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u041a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044b: <\/strong>58.873524, 28.48654<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u0426\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044c \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 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\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044c, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0435\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0411\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0447\u044c\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0443 \u0432 \u0434. \u041c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0444\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043a\u0430 (\u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043e\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u041f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435). \u041e\u0442\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0435\u0446 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u0430 \u0410. \u0411\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u2013 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u041b\u044c\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u043b\u043e\u043a.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u041d.\u0410. \u041c\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0421.\u0410. \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0430. \u041e\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0444\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0435, \u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u043e\u0448\u0442\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435, \u0441 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043a\u043e\u044e. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d &#8212; \u0432\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0443 \u041f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f. \u0426\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044c \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0444\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0430\u0445.<\/p>\n<p>\u0421\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0442\u0443 \u0412.\u0415. \u0415\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0435\u0435\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u043b \u0432 \u0428\u0430\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043c, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0443, \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0445\u043e\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043d, \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u043b \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0431\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u0441 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442. \u0417\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433\u0438 \u043e\u043d \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d \u043e\u0440\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0432. \u0410\u043d\u043d\u044b III \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438, \u043e\u0440\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0432. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430 III \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438. \u0421 1913 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043d \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u043b \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0443\u0434\u044c\u0431\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430. \u0416\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0441\u0438\u044f \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0435 \u0432 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0443. \u0423\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043b\u044b \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0412.\u0415. \u0415\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0430, \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0432 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0435\u0442\u0448\u0430\u043b \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u044f \u0415\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0445, \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439 [1].<\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0421\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a 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\u0434\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e-\u043d\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u0421\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u00bb. \u2013 \u0421\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0446\u044b, 2014. \u2013 76 \u0441., \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e, \u0438\u043b.<\/li><li>\u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0444\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0421\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" data-id=\"2121\" src=\"https:\/\/intkarta.slanlib.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/2-5-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2121\" srcset=\"https:\/\/intkarta.slanlib.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/2-5-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/intkarta.slanlib.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/2-5-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/intkarta.slanlib.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/2-5-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/intkarta.slanlib.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/2-5-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/intkarta.slanlib.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/2-5-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" data-id=\"2122\" src=\"https:\/\/intkarta.slanlib.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/3.2-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2122\" srcset=\"https:\/\/intkarta.slanlib.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/3.2-1024x683.jpg 1024w, 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data-post_type=\"page\" \r\n\t            data-cat=\"\" \r\n\t            data-modified=\"120\"\r\n\t            data-created=\"1660308113\"\r\n\t            data-title=\"\u0426\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044c \u0432 \u0428\u0430\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\" \r\n\t            data-home=\"https:\/\/intkarta.slanlib.ru\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0426\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044c \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0449\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0430, \u043a\u0443\u043f\u0446\u0430 \u0412.\u0415. \u0415\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0430. \u0412 1881 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u044b\u043d \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440, 17 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0415\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0434\u0430\u043b \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043c. \u0417\u0435\u043c\u043b\u044f, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044c, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0435\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0411\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0447\u044c\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0443 \u0432 \u0434. \u041c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0444\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043a\u0430 (\u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043e\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u041f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435). 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